-erosion, and changes in water cycles

Habitat Loss : Teak wood production can result in habitat loss for wildlife species that depend on forests for food, shelter, and breeding. Clearing forests for plantations or logging operations can fragment habitats and disrupt ecological processes, leading to declines in biodiversity and species extinction.

Soil Degradation : Intensive logging practices and land clearing for teak plantations can degrade soil quality, reduce fertility, and increase erosion rates. Soil degradation affects ecosystem health, agricultural productivity, and water quality, leading to long-term environmental and economic consequences.

Water Resources : Teak plantations and logging activities can impact water resources by altering hydrological cycles, reducing water infiltration, and increasing runoff and sedimentation in water bodies. Changes in water availability and quality can affect aquatic ecosystems, drinking water supplies, and agricultural irrigation.

Carbon Sequestration : Deforestation and land-use change associated with teak wood production release carbon stored in trees and soil, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Sustainable forestry practices, such as reforestation and forest conservation, are essential for mitigating carbon emissions and enhancing carbon sequestration.

Biodiversity Conservation : Teak plantations may have lower biodiversity compared to natural forests, resulting in habitat loss and fragmentation for native species. Promoting biodiversity-friendly management practices, preserving natural habitats, and restoring degraded landscapes are crucial for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.